BIOL 103 FINAL EXAMINATION

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BIOL 103 Final Examination

Question 1

Which statement about evolution is FALSE?

Question 1 option:

According to evolutionary theory, you are related to a bacterium, to a yeast cell, to a snake, and to a whale. In fact, you are related to every species now alive on Earth, and to fossil species like dinosaurs as well.

Natural selection acts on genetic differences within a population to cause evolution. Individuals do not evolve.

Natural selection is about slow but steady progress. Through it, populations constantly get better-adapted. When this process is completed for all populations, evolution will come to a stop.

Evolution occurs constantly, without end; there is no endpoint in evolution.

Question 2

Negatively charged particles are found where in an atom?

Question 2 options:

In the nucleus

In a single layer outside the nucleus

In multiple layers outside the nucleus

Both inside and outside the nucleus

Question 3

You have a solution that has a pH of 8 and need it to be pH 5. What do you do?

Question 3 options:

Add water

Add a base

Add an acid

Add a buffer

Question 4

What characteristic of carbon makes it a good backbone for creating diverse and durable molecules?

Question 4 options:

Carbon is a large atom.

Carbon forms four covalent bonds.

Carbon forms hydrogen bonds.

All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following structures can be found together in eukaryotic cells?

Question 5 options:

cytoplasm and ribosomes

cytoplasm and plasma membrane

DNA and ribosomes

ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Which of the following reactions or pathways is catabolic?

Question 6 options:

Breaking down ATP into ADP and phosphate.

Making starch from many glucose molecules.

Photosynthesis: which builds glucose from carbon dioxide using energy from light.

Making ATP from ADP and Phosphate.

Question 7

In a metabolic pathway, a typical control mechanism is to have: ________

Question 7 options:

the final product have no effect on the enzyme responsible for its own production.

the final product inhibit an early step.

a reactant inhibit a late step.

a lack of reactant stimulate the pathway.

Question 8

Mitosis results in ______ cells and meiosis results in _______ cells.

Question 8 options:

haploid, diploid

diploid, haploid

diploid, diploid

haploid, haploid

Question 9

In beans yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y) and smooth (S) is dominant to wrinkled (s). What are the possible genotypes for the offspring of the following cross: YySS and YYSs.

Question 9 options:

YYSS, YYss, yySS, yyss

YS, yS, YS, yS

Yy, SS, YY, Ss

YYSS, YySS, YYSs, YySs

Question 10

Red rose color is incompletely dominant over white rose color. If a red rose is crossed with a pink rose, what percentage of the offspring will be pink?

Question 10 options:

100

75

50

25

Question 11

One of the products of cellular respiration is ________.

Question 11 options:

water

sucrose

cellulose

oxygen

Question 12

An ecologist is studying all the animals, plants, fungi and bacteria, as well as the interaction among them, in a forest? He is studying the _________ in the forest.

Question 12 options:

niche

biome

community

population

Question 13

The temperature optimum for an enzyme is 37C. What will most likely happen if you increase the temperature from 37C to 50C?

Question 13 options:

The enzyme activity will not be affected

The enzyme activity will increase

The enzyme activity will decrease

The pH will increase

Question 14

When celery is placed in a glass of pure water the solution inside its cells is _____ compared to the water.

Question 14 options:

selectively permeable

isotonic

hypertonic

hypotonic

Question 15

An ecosystem can be characterized as:

Question 15 options:

populations + community.

all species, population, and community interactions for organisms in a given area.

the abiotic components of the environment.

all of the biological interactions, plus interactions with the abiotic environment, in a given area.

Question 16

Enzymes

Question 16 options:

catalyze reactions

prevent reactions from occurring

are found only in prokaryotes

all of those answers are correct

Question 17

This term refers to the maintenance of internal stability in a creature:

Question 17 options:

homeostasis

mutualism

parasitism

meiosis

Question 18

Steroids and waxes are

Question 18 options:

proteins

carbohydrates

lipids

nucleic acids

Question 19

Active transport DOES NOT require ATP

Question 19 options:

True

False

Question 20

In October of 2003, a raging wildfire swept through the mountain ecosystems in Southern California, burning everything in its path to the ground and driving away all of the animals. In order for the mountain ecosystem to re-establish itself, which member of the food web has to return first?

Question 20 options:

deer

coyotes

snake

grasses

Question 21

Carbohydrates are not

Question 21 options:

stored potential energy

made mostly of nitrogen and carbon.

broken down by cellular respiration.

made by producers.

Question 22

A primary consumer would eat:

Question 22 options:

secondary consumers

plants.

Bacteria.

rabbits.

Question 23

Diffusion is

Question 23 options:

One type of active transport

The movement of water across the cell membrane

The movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 24

Any individual organism has the potential to adapt to its environment, if it is given enough time and possesses a mechanism to generate variation.

Question 24 options:

True

False

Question 25

Once an adaptation appears, it remains in all the descendants unless the species becomes extinct

Question 25 options:

True

False

Question 26

When a founder population has a small gene pool, evolutionary change is more likely to be rapid than if the founder population has a large gene pool.

Question 26 options:

True

False

Question 27

When speciation occurs, the result is a huge dramatic change in the new species.

Question 27 options:

True

False

Question 28

When two groups are reproductively isolated, it can be reliably predicted that speciation will follow very soon.

Question 28 options:

True

False

Question 29

Codons are locate on

Question 29 options:

abiotic components

DNA

RNA

all of those

Question 30

Fossil evidence suggests that human ancestors arose one time in Africa.

Question 30 options:

True

False

Question 31

Sunlight influences vitamin D production is humans.

Question 31 options:

True

False

Question 32

Mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells are very similar to prokaryotes

Question 32 options:

True

False

Question 33

Organisms that live in habitats with high levels of competition are more likely to produce defensive chemicals than those that live with little competition.

Question 33 options:

True

False

Question 34

The human population may continue to increase even though it surpasses carrying capacity.

Question 34 options:

True

False

Question 35

A woman’s ovum will complete Meiosis II only, if fertilization has occurred.

Question 35 options:

True

False

Question 36

One human disease is caused by a change in the DNA from GAA to GTA.  This change is an example of:

Question 36 options:

crossing over

a mutation

independent assortment

cytokinesis

Question 37

The main function of a ribosome is to ____________________.

Question 37 options:

extract energy from glucose

synthesize glucose

store food in the form of fat

synthesize proteins

Question 38

The effectiveness of a medication containing growth hormone is tested on a group of young male rabbits 3 weeks of age. The best control group would be:

Question 38 options:

any group of rabbits

a group of young male rabbits 3 weeks of age, not given the medication

a group of young female rabbits 3 weeks of age, not given the medication

no control is required; just measure whether the rabbits grew

Question 39

The number of _______________ in the outer shell of an atom determines the type of chemical bonds an atom can make.

Question 39 options:

electrons

protons

ions

neutrons

Question 40

You find a cell of a type you have never seen before.  The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall.  Therefore, you conclude, it must be a _______________ cell.

Question 40 options:

liver

animal

bacterial

plant

Question 41

The gene pool of a population may change due to:

Question 41 options:

migration

genetic drift

natural selection and mutation

all of the above

Question 42

What are “keystone species” in a community?

Question 43

What is “pseudoscience”?

Question 44

What are dependent variables?

Question 45

(Required)    You have read that inorganic fertilizers contribute to water pollution and would like to make a switch from inorganic fertilizers to organic compost in your vegetable garden. A friend graciously gives you a truck load of his compost. As a good researcher and critical thinker you are not convinced that organic compost will yield better results than the inorganic fertilizer you have used for years with good results. To draw your own conclusion based on scientific evidence you decide to conduct an experiment in your garden. State a good hypothesis, design an experiment (include test subjects, sample size, control(s), dependent and independent variables, type of data collected) and hypothetical results/conclusion. Does your conclusion support the hypothesis?

Question 46

(Required)  The habitat of one species of tropical fish is red coral reefs.  The large majority of the fish in this population are red. A few individual fish carry a mutation that prevents the production of the red pigment; as a result these individual fish are white.The temperature of the ocean where these fish live gets warmer and warmer over a 10 year period, and as a result the coral is bleached and turns white. Use what you have learned about natural selection to explain how this bleaching event may have affected the evolution this fish population (not including possible direct effects of warmer temperatures on the fish).  Use appropriate terminology about evolution in your answer, including the terms natural selection, adaptive trait, and reproductive success.

Question 47

Describe the major land biome where you live. How have human activities affected native species? Include specific examples.

Question 48

You scoop up a water sample from a local pond nearby, because you are curious about the possible microbes that might live there. After looking at several slides that held drops of the sample, you noticed two different kinds of cells: One kind was very small and had no separate internal structures; the other kind was much larger, and it contained several kinds of internal structures that were physically different from each other. Please name each cell and briefly describe their similarities and difference